PREPOSITIONS

Prědložniky

Most prepositions in Slovianski govern the genitive. This is especially true for all prepositions that were derived from nouns, adjectives or adverbs. In the case of prepositions referring to place and time, the following can be assumed as a guideline, although there are exceptions:

the genitive case is used when a movement away from/out of a location is indicated.
the accusative case is used when a movement towards/into a location is indicated;
the instrumental or locative case is used when the location is stable, i.e. there is no movement at all.

Prepositions should only be used according to their logical meaning, not according to national idioms. Here follows a list of prepositions in Slovianski:

With the genitive

bez – without
blizko – near, close to
dlja – for
do – to, towards, till
iz – from, out of
iz-medžu – from between
iz-nad – from above
iz-pod – from under
iz-prěd – from before
iz-srěd – from among
iz-za – from behind
kolo – next to, around
kromě – except
mimo – past, by
naprotiv – opposite
od – of, from (away from); since; by (agent)
odnosno – concering, about
okolo – around; about, approximately

podčas – during, so long as
podle – near, beside
pomimo – in spite of
poprěk – across
pored – next to
poslě – after
posrěd – amidst, in the middle of, among
posrědstvom – by means of, using
povrh – to the upper side of, atop
srěd – among, amid
suprotiv – contrary to
u – at, at the place of
vdolž – along
vměsto – instead of
vně – outside of
vnutri – inside, within
vslěd – following, because of, as a result of
za – during, in times of

With the dative

blagodare, dekujuči, hvala – thanks to
k – to, towards (direction)
po – according to, per, by, in the manner of; for ... each, for ... a piece

protiv – against
soglasno, suglasno – according to

With the accusative

črěz, prěz – through, across, via
po – for (in pursuit of, to get something); for (the Xth time); up to

za – for, because of, due to, in exchange for, in favour of, instead of

With the instrumental

ponad – above, beyond

s, so – with, together with; by means of, using

With the locative

o, ob – about; concerning, regarding
po – after, following; along(side); throughout, round, all over

pri – near; during (rule of a king)

With the accusative and the instrumental

The following five prepositions refer to place and (if applicable) time. The instrumental is used when the location is stable (Kot spi pod stolom – "The cat is sleeping under the table"), the accusative expresses a motion toward it (Kot poběgl pod stol – "The cat fled under the table").
The preposition za can also be used with the genitive and (in other meanings) the accusative, but because otherwise it belongs to the same category as the rest, it has been listed there separately.

medžu – between (place & time)
nad – above, over, beyond
pod – under

prěd – before, in front of, ahead of (place & time), prior to, ago
za – behind (place), after (time)

With the accusative and the locative

The prepositions v and na behave exactly like the previous category, except that for a stable location the locative is used instead of the instrumental.

na (+ loc.) – on, at; (+ acc.) – on(to), unto

v, vo (+ loc.) – in, within; (+ acc.) – into

Prepositional constructions

The following combinations are no real prepositions, but are used as such and are often translated as prepositions. The list is of course far from being exhaustive.

bez obzira na (+ acc.) – regardless
čto se tyče (+ gen.) – regarding, with regard to
na prěkor (+ gen.) – in defiance of
ne gledajuči na (+ acc.) – disregarding, despite, in spite of, notwithstanding
od strany (+ gen.) – by, on the part of
po odnošenju k (+ dat.) – regarding, with regard to
pod vodstvom (+ gen.) – under the leadership of
s izključenjem (+ gen.) – except, with the exception of
s obzirom na (+ acc.) – with regard to
s pomočju (+ gen.) – with the help of
sgodno s (+ inst.) – conform
susedno do (+ gen.) – next to, neighbouring to

v času (+ gen.) – during
v imenu (+ gen.) – in the name of
v obličju (+ gen.) – in the face of
v odrazlikě od (+ gen.) – unlike, in contrast to
v odnošenju k (+ dat.) – regarding, with regard to
v ramah, v ramkah (+ gen.) – within the framework of, as a part of
v protivnosti k (+ dat.) – unlike, in opposition to
v smyslu (+ gen.) – in the sense of
v različju od (+ gen.) – unlike
v svezi s (+ inst.) – in connection with
v těčenju (+ gen.) – during
v vrěmenu (+ gen.) – during
v zaměn za (+ acc.) – instead of, in exchange for

Many prepositions can also be used as prefixes. See word formation for details.