As other North Slavic languages in the world of Ill Bethisad, also Vozgian has its common ground in Early Common Slavonic (ECSL), because it had separated from it sometimes during 3rd – 5th century A.C. Opposite to Nasika, Vozgian was far more influences by new trends in Common Slavonic, thus the Early Ancient Vozgian resembles respectively more the Classic Common Slavonic than Nasika.
This page describes the entire process of Vozgian's development from Common Slavic. It is precisely what has become known in conlang circles as a "Grand Master Plan". It is supported by another page, the GMP Machine. If you want to know what a Common Slavic word would look like in Vozgian, it applies all the sound changes described here and generates the outcome automatically.
Remain basically the way they are, with the following exceptions. The common ground is the situation in ECSL, the next step is the situation in early ancient Vozgian, if not noticed else.
Metathesis of liquids, present in all West, South and East Slavic languages, does not occur in Vozgian (or, for that matter, in any other North Slavic language). Therefore, the Common Slavic combinations of vowel + liquid remain basically intact, the vowel being mostly affected by own changes.
As for the consonants, it should be noted that unvoiced consonants become voiced before the stressed syllable of a word, when this syllable is non-initial and contains the vowel a, o, ǫ, u, ъ or y. Under the same condition, voiced consonants become fricativised: p > b, s > z, b > v [β], d > ð, etc. This change occurs to intervocal consonants and consonants followed by a liquid or a nasal. All other consonant clusters keep their initial value. Example: CSL četyre > AV čedəjr "four"
Word-initial j disappears, for example: jezero > ezeru "lake".
Another characteristic of Vozgian is the appearance of new diphthongs. When preceded by a vowel and followed by a consonant, v turns into a glide (aŭ, oŭ, etc.). Common Slavic y becomes əj.
ECSL | CCSL | Condition | Ancient Vozgian |
---|---|---|---|
á | a | a | |
å | o | Normally | o |
Final | u | ||
é ái, åi |
ě | Normally | ä |
Final | e | ||
e | e | e | |
í éi, ei |
i | Normally | ji |
Final | je | ||
i | ь | Normally | jə |
Final | jØ | ||
u | ъ | Normally | ŭ |
Final | Ø | ||
ú | y | əj | |
áu, au, óu, ó | u | u | |
éu, eu | ju | ju |
ECSL | CCSL | Condition | Ancient Vozgian |
---|---|---|---|
em, en im, in |
ę | Before a bilabial consonant | em |
Before any other consonant | en | ||
Final | e | ||
åm, ån um, un |
ǫ | Before a bilabial consonant | om |
Before any other consonant | on | ||
Final | o |
ECSL | CCSL | Condition | Ancient Vozgian |
---|---|---|---|
árC, álC | arC, alC | arC, alC | |
årC, ålC | orC, olC | orC, olC | |
érC, élC | erC, elC | erC, elC | |
erC, elC | |||
írC, ílC | irC, ilC | jirC, jilC | |
irC, ilC | ьrC, ьlC rьC, lьC |
jərC, jəlC | |
úrC, úlC | urC, ulC | urC, ulC | |
urC, ulC | ъrC, ъlC rъC, lъC |
ŭrC, ŭlC |
ECSL | CCSL | Condition | Ancient Vozgian |
---|---|---|---|
b | b | Normally | b |
Before a stressed syllable | β | ||
p | p | Normally | p |
Before a stressed syllable | b | ||
v | v | Before o, ъ, y, ǫ | ŭ |
Before a, e, ě, ę, i, ь | v | ||
After a vowel, before a consonant | ŭ | ||
d | d | Normally | d |
Before a stressed syllable | ð | ||
t | t | Normally | t |
Before a stressed syllable | d | ||
z | z | z | |
s | s | Normally | s |
Before a stressed syllable | z | ||
ch [x] | Normally | ch [x] | |
ch | Before a stressed syllable | h [ɣ] | |
g | g | Normally | g |
Before a stressed syllable | h [ɣ] | ||
dž | dž | ||
k | k | Normally | k |
Before a stressed syllable | g | ||
č | č | ||
ž, zj | ž | ž | |
š, sj | š | Normally | š |
After a stressed syllable | ž | ||
m | m | m | |
n | n | n | |
r | r | r | |
l | l | l | |
j | j | Normally | j |
Initial | Ø | ||
kv-, gv- | kv-, gv- | Before o, ъ, y, ǫ | kŭ-, gŭ- |
Before a, e, ě, ę, i, ь | kv-, gv- | ||
-tl-, -dl- | -tl-, -dl- | -l- |
The second stage is the development of Modern Vozgian from Ancient Vozgian. The table below gives the sound changes for all five major Vozgian dialects:
An important phenomenon distinguishing Modern Vozgian from Ancient Vozgian is vowel harmonisation: when the stressed syllable of a word is i, the preceding syllable is umlauted: a > ä, o > ö, etc. On the other hand, when the stressed syllable of the word is u or y, the opposite happens to the preceding syllable: e > ä, i > y. Vowel harmony is present in all Vozgian dialects except Slovodian.
Another characteristic feature of Vozgian is the fricativision of plosives before j: tj > tþ > þ [θ], dj > dð > ð [ð], bj > bβ > v [β], etc. For xample: svetja > sveþa "candle".
After the stressed syllable of a word, voiced consonants and consonant clusters tend to devoice. This happens mostly in the case of longer words.
Ancient Vozgian | Condition | Modern Vozgian | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Po. | Ms. | To. | Mo. | Sl. | ||
a | Normally | a [a] | a [ɑ] | a [a] | a [a] | a [ɑ] |
Before stressed i | ä [æ] | ä [æ] | ä [æ] | ä [æ] | a [ɑ] | |
o | Normally | o [o] | o [o] | o [ɔ] | o [ɔ] | o [ɔ] |
Before stressed i | ö [ø] | ö [œ] | ö [ɵ] | ö [ɘ] | o [ɔ] | |
ä | Stressed | ä [æ] | ä [æ] | ä [æ] | ä [æ] | a [ɑ] |
Unstressed | ä [æ] | e [e] | e [ɛ] | e [ɛ] | a [ɑ] | |
e | Normally | e [e] | e [e] | e [ɛ] | e [ɛ] | e [ɛ] |
Before stressed i | i | i | i | ej [e] | e [ɛ] | |
Before stressed u/y | e [e] | ä [æ] | ä [æ] | ä [æ] | a [ɑ] | |
i | Normally | i | i | i | i | i |
Before stressed u/y | i | y [ɨ] | y [ɪ] | ej [e] | e [ɛ] | |
ə | Normally | e [e] | e [e] | e [ɛ] | e [ɛ] | a [ɑ] |
Before stressed i | i | i | i | i | e [ɛ] | |
ŭ | Stressed | u | u | u | u | u |
Before a stressed syllable | e [e] | u | u | e [ɛ] | u | |
After a stressed syllable | e [e], Ø | o [o], Ø | y [ɪ], Ø | y [ɪ], Ø | u, Ø | |
əj (y) | Normally | i | y [ɨ] | ai | öj [ɘj] | uj |
Before r | i | y [ɨ] | y [ɪ] | ej [e] | ai | |
Before l | e [e] | y [ɨ] | ä [æ] | ej [e] | ai | |
Before stressed i | i | i | i | i | uj | |
u | Normally | u | u | u | u | u |
Before stressed i | ü [y] | ü [y] | ü [y] | ü [ʉ] | u |
Ancient Vozgian | Condition | Modern Vozgian | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Po. | Ms. | To. | Mo. | Sl. | ||
arC alC |
Normally | arC, alC | arC, alC | arC, alC | arC, alC | arC, alC |
Before stressed i | ärC, älC | ärC, älC | ärC, älC | ärC, älC | arC, alC | |
orC olC |
Normally | orC, olC | oroC, oloC | orC, olC | orC, olC | oruC, oluC |
Before stressed i | örC, ölC | öröC, ölöC | örC, ölC | örC, ölC | oruC, oluC | |
erC elC |
Normally | erC, elC | ereC, eleC | erC, elC | erC, elC | ereC, eleC |
Before stressed i | irC, ilC | iriC, iliC | irC, ilC | irC, ilC | ereC, eleC | |
Before stressed u/y | erC, elC | äräC, äläC | ärC, älC | ärC, älC | araC, alaC | |
jirC jilC |
Normally | irC, ilC | irC, ilC | irC, ilC | irC, ilC | irC, ilC |
Before stressed u/y | irC, ilC | yrC, ylC | yrC, ylC | ejrC, ejlC | erC, elC | |
jərC jəlC |
Normally | erC, elC | erC, elC | örC, ölC | örC, ölC | urC, ulC |
Before stressed i | irC, ilC | irC, ilC | örC, ölC | örC, ölC | urC, ulC | |
urC ulC |
Normally | urC, ulC | urC, ulC | urC, ulC | urC, ulC | urC, ulC |
Before stressed i | ürC, ülC | ürC, ülC | ürC, ülC | ürC, ülC | urC, ulC | |
ŭrC ŭlC |
Normally | urC, ulC | urC, ulC | urC, ulC | urC, ulC | urC, ulC |
Before stressed i | ürC, ülC | ürC, ülC | ürC, ülC | ürC, ülC | urC, ulC |
Ancient Vozgian | Condition | Modern Vozgian | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Po. | Ms. | To. | Mo. | Sl. | ||
p | p | p | p | p | p | |
pj | Normally | p | pʲ | f [ɸ] | f [ɸ] | f [ɸ] |
Initial | p | pʲ | p | f [ɸ] | p | |
b | Normally | b | b | b | b | b |
After a stressed syllable | p | b | p | p | p | |
bj | Normally | b | bʲ | v [β] | v [β] | v [β] |
Initial | b | bʲ | b | v [β] | b | |
After a stressed syllable | p | bʲ | f [ɸ] | f [ɸ] | f [ɸ] | |
v, β | Normally | v [v] | v [v] | v [β] | v [β] | v [β] |
After a stressed syllable | f [f] | v [v] | f [ɸ] | f [ɸ] | f [ɸ] | |
vj | Normally | v [v] | vʲ | v [β] | j | v [β] |
Initial | v [v] | vʲ | v [β] | j | v [β] | |
After a stressed syllable | f [f] | vʲ | f [ɸ] | j | f [ɸ] | |
ŭ | Normally | ŭ [w] | v [v] | ŭ [w] | ŭ [w] | ŭ [w] |
Word- or syllable-initial | vŭ [vw] | v [v] | vŭ [βw] | ŭ [w] | ŭ [w] | |
Before u | v [v] | v [v] | h [ɣ] | h [ɣ] | ŭ [w] | |
t | t | t | t | t | t | |
tj | t | tʲ | þ [θ] | þ [θ] | c [ts] | |
d | Normally | d | d | d | d | d |
After a stressed syllable | t | d | t | t | t | |
dj | Normally | d | dʲ | ð | ð | z |
After a stressed syllable | t | dʲ | þ [θ] | þ [θ] | c [ts] | |
ð | h [h] | ð | ð | ð | z | |
k | k | k | k | k | k | |
g | Normally | g | g | g | g | g |
After a stressed syllable | k | g | k | k | k | |
ch | ch [x] | ch [x] | ch [x] | ch [x] | ch [x] | |
h | h [h] | v [v] | h [ɣ] | h [ɣ] | h [ɣ] | |
č | c [ts] | č [tʃ] | č [tʃ] | č [tʃ] | č [tʃ] | |
dž | Normally | dz | dž [dʒ] | dž [dʒ] | dž [dʒ] | dž [dʒ] |
After a stressed syllable | c [ts] | dž [dʒ] | č [tʃ] | č [tʃ] | č [tʃ] | |
s | s | s | s | s | s | |
sj, š | s | š [ʃ] | š [ʃ] | š [ʃ] | š [ʃ] | |
z | Normally | z | z | z | z | z |
After a stressed syllable | s | z | s | s | s | |
zj, ž | Normally | z | ž [ʒ] | ž [ʒ] | ž [ʒ] | ž [ʒ] |
After a stressed syllable | s | ž [ʒ] | š [ʃ] | š [ʃ] | š [ʃ] | |
m | m | m | m | m | m | |
mj | Normally | m | mʲ | mj | mj | mj |
Initial | m | mʲ | m | mj | m | |
n | n | n | n | n | n | |
nj | Normally | n | nʲ | nj | nj | nj |
Initial | n | nʲ | n | nj | n | |
r | r | r | r | r | r | |
rj | Normally | r | rʲ | rj | rj | rj |
Initial | r | rʲ | r | rj | r | |
l | l | l | l | l | l | |
lj | Normally | l | lʲ | lj | lj | lj |
Initial | l | lʲ | l | lj | l |
Ancient Vozgian | Condition | Modern Vozgian | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Po. | Ms. | To. | Mo. | Sl. | ||
sk | Before u, ai, y | sk | šk | šch [ʃx] | šj [ʃj] | š [ʃ] |
šč | st | šč | šch [ʃx] | šj [ʃj] | š [ʃ] | |
stj | st | šč | þ [θ] | þ [θ] | c [ts] | |
ktj | kt | ktʲ | chþ [xθ] | chþ [xθ] | chc [kts] | |
jä | After a vowel | je | je | je | je | ja |
After a consonant | e | e | e | je | ja | |
jo | After a vowel | jö | jö | jö | jö | jo |
After a consonant | ö | ö | ö | jö | jo | |
ju | After a vowel | jü | jü | jü | jü | ju |
After a consonant | ü | ü | ü | jü | ju | |
aj, yj, ŭj | Final or before a consonant | ai | ai | ai | öj | uj |
oj, uj | Final or before a consonant | oj | oj | uj | uj | uj |
ej, äj, əj | Final or before a consonant | e | ej | ej | ej | ai |
evA, əvA ovA uvA, ŭvA |
A = accented vowel, not being i | evA ovA uvA |
evA ovA uvA |
ŭA | ŭA | ŭA |
aŭ, äŭ | Before a consonant | o | av | aŭ | aŭ | af |
eŭ, əŭ, iŭ | Before a consonant | iŭ | ev | eŭ | eŭ | ef |
oŭ, uŭ, ŭŭ | Before a consonant | u | ov, uv | ŭo, u | oŭ, u | uf |
om | Before a (labial) stop, normally | om | om | um | um | um |
Before a (labial) stop, before stressed i | öm | öm | üm | üm | um |