| : | long vowel |
| > | becomes |
| VL | Vulgar Latin |
| # | Space between Words |
| C | Any Consonant |
| N | Any Nasal Consonant |
| 0 | Lost Vowel or Consonant |
a, a: > a
e, ae > e
e:, oe > ui
i, i: > i
o, au > o
u, o: > u
u: > y
Latin consonantal i or j remains i
act > aeth, ax > aes
ect > eith, ex > eis
ict > i:th, ix > i:s
oct > oeth, ox > oes
uct > uith, ux > uis
In VL words erC > arC when unstressed
iCa#; uCa# > eC; oC
aCi# > eiC -aCi- > eC- aw+i > ew
-aCj- > -eiC-
eCi# > yC -eCi-> -eC-
-eCj- > -eiC-
oCi# > yC -oCi- > -eC-
-oCj- > -eiC-
uCi# > yC
i + i > ei
p > b when medial, otherwise p; pt > th; rp, lp > rff, lff; rpt
> rth; pp > ff; ph > ff
t > d when medial, otherwise t; th >
th; lt > ll when medial, llt when final; rt > rth
VL th > d when medial, otherwise t
c > g when medial, otherwise c; qu > c; cc > ch; ct > ith; nct > ith
c before a liquid > g when medial, otherwise c > c; lc, rc > lch, rch
VL ch > c, -g-
b > f when medial, otherwise b; before l, r, n af > aw, of > o:, uf > u:, ef > e, if > i, eif > ei
d > dd when medial, otherwise d; dd > 0 when before a consonant; dr > ir when medial; dm > m when medial; ld > llt; rd > rdd
g > 0 when medial, otherwise g; gn > in; gl > il; gr > ir; lg, rg > ly, ry
l > ll when initial, otherwise l; lt > ll when medial, llt when final; ll > ll, nl > nll
r > rh initial and after n, otherwise r
m > f when medial, otherwise m; m > f when adjacent to a nasal or a liquid
n, -n- nj > n; nff > ff
N+voicedstop > N
#sC > #ysC; x > is; sl > ll; sr > rh when initial; rr when medial;
ls > ls; rs > rs; sm > m; sn > n; ns > s; sw > chw
VL s# > h > 0 (+ aspirant mutation)
h > 0
VL v > gw/#_ else w; wo: > w