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Relay 10/R
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Vocabulary
Most of the vocabulary of Limciela is derived from Latin. Some words are derived from Classical Greek; these are indicated in the vocabulary list with their Latin equivalents.
(Latin verbs are given in the infinitive, nouns in the accusative and adjectives in the masculine nominative singular)
a (preposition) ad
aidutevá (3rd. p. sing. past imperf.) adiutare
alip (adjective) aliqui
asciuses (plural adjective) abstrusus
assultaui (3rd. p. sing. past perf.) adsultare
bal (adverb) valde
benúi (3rd p. sing past perf.) venire
bér (adverb) vere
birx (noun) virginem
bol (1st p. sing. present) velle
cantár (verb infinitive) cantare
cantaui (3rd. p. sing. past imperf.) cantare
caué (2nd p. sing. imperative) cavere
ciert (adverb) certum
com (preposition) cum
depósic (preposition) de - post
deveriams (1st p. pl. conditional) debere
dexetaui (3rd. p. sing. past perf.) deiectare
dom (noun) domum
dormí (2nd p. sing. imperative) dormire
e (conjunction) et
ebém (noun) eventum
eic (dem. pronoun) istud
eicté (adverb) Grk.: ekhthés/ Lat.: heri
eo (1st p. sing. pronoun) ego
esér (verb infinite) esse
faciér (verb infinite) facere
facieriams (1st p. pl. conditional) facere
feciúi (3rd p. sing. past perf.) facere
fenescia (noun ) fenestram
formosa (fem sing.adjective) formosus
fú (interjection) Grk.: pheu/ Lat.: heu
ic (dem. pronoun) istud
in (preposition) in
infám (noun) infantem
ír (verb infinitive) ire
la (fem. sing. def. article) illum
là (3rd p. sing fem. pron.) illum
lacieraui (3rd. p. sing. past perf.) lacerare
le (masc. def. article) illum
lè (3rd. p. sing. obj. pron.) illum
li (pl. def. article) illum
lì (3rd p. sing. prep.pron.) illum
lì (3rd p. pl. pronoun) illum
lo (3rd. p. sing. masc. pron.) illum
ma (conjunction) magis
manidúi (3rd. p. sing. past perf.) mandere
merda (noun) merdam
mi (1st. p. sing. poss. pron.) meum
nom (negative particle) non
nos (1st p. pl. pronoun) nos
nosic (1st. p. pl. poss. pron.) noster
om (pronoun) omnem
om (pronoun) omnem
parb (masc. sing. adjective) parvus
parb (noun) parvum
pasaui (3rd p. sing. past perf.) passare
pe (conjunction) quid
pe (rel. pronoun) quod
pè (pronoun) quid
per (conjunction) per
pererian (3rd p. pl. conditional) quaerere
pescies (noun plural) quaestionem
pida (demonstr. adjective) quidam
pietá (noun) pietatem
plú (adverb) plus
pocieváms (1st p. pl. past imperf.) posse
policia (noun) politia (modern Lat.)
posic (adverb) postea
potevá (3rd. p. sing. past imperf.) potere
pro (preposition) pro
profondàmém (adverb) profundum - mente
remanémics (noun plural) remanentiam
seideváms (1st p. pl. past imperf.) sedere
siléms (adjective plural) silentium
sup (preposition) super
temp (noun) tempus
tenevá (3rd. p. sing. past imperf.) tenere
uli (indef. article pl.) ullum
una (indef. article) unus
vem (conjunction) bene
xocár (verb infinitive) iocare
xocaui (3rd p. sing. past perf.) iocare
xocs (noun plural) iocum
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Cabé le infám!
Pro pietá! Pè pasaui? Vem, eicté una pida birx formosa benúi a nosic dom, e tenevá pe cantár a le infám parb. Là feciúi om pe potevá a xocár com le infám: xocaui uli xocs com lì, a lì cantaui, ‘dormí, mi parb, dormí,’ e ic aidutevá. Ma posic, le infám assultaui e lè lacieraui! Lo lè manidúi e posic dexetaui li remanémics per la fenescia. Pè nos pocieváms faciér? Fú, bèr seideváms profondàmém in la merda! Pè nos facieriams? Vem, depósic alip temp nos deveriams esér siléms sup eic ebém. Eo, plu om, nom bol ír a la policia! Ciert, lì pererian uli pescies bal asciuses.
Beware the child!
For goodness sake, what happened? Well, yesterday a certain beautiful young girl came to our house and insisted on singing for the unweaned infant. She did everything that she could to amuse the baby: She played some games with him, she sang to him, ‘Sleep, my little one, sleep,’ and this helped. But then, the child jumped up and tore her to pieces! He devoured her and afterwards threw what was left through the window. What could we do? Crickey, we were really in the shit now! What were we going to do? Well, after a while we would have to be silent about this case. I, more than anyone, wouldn’t want to go to the police! Certainly, they would be asking some very searching questions.
Pronunciation
(acute accent indicates stressed syllable, ~ indicates nasalised vowel, ‘ch’ as in ‘China’)
/kabé le infá~.
pro pitá. pe pasáwi? ve~, echté úna pída birsh formósa bunúi a nosch do~ e tenevá pe kantár a le infá~ parb. la fechúi o~ pe potéva a shokár ko~ le infá~. shokáwi úli shoks ko~ lí, a li kantáwi ‘dormí, mi párb, dormí’ e ich azutevá. ma posch le infá~ asultáwi e lé lacheráwi. lo le manzúi e posch deshetáwi li remané~chs per la fenezca. pé nos pochevá~s fachér? fú, bér sezevá~s profondamé~ in la merda. pé nos fachería~s? vé~, depósch álip te~p nos devería~s esér silé~s sup ech ebé~. éo, plu ó~, no~ bol ír a la polícha. chért, li pererían úli pésches bál aschúses.
Notes on grammar
Limciela follows the same general characteristics of other modern Romance languages:
- Two genders (masculine and feminine)
- Plural in –s or –es
- Adjectival agreement
- Adverbs genrally derived from -mente ending (-mém in Limciela)
Definite and indefinite articles
| Definite Article: | sing. | pl. |
| mas. | le (l’ before e) | li (l’ before i) |
| fem. | la (l’ before a) | li (l’ before i) |
| Indefinite Article: | sing. | pl. |
| mas. | un | uli |
| fem. | una | uli |
Pronouns declined for ‘subject’, ‘object’, ‘prepositional’ and ‘possesive’
| | Subject | Object | Prepositional | Possessive |
| 1st sing. | eo | me | mì | mi, mia, mis, mias
| 2nd sing. | tù | te | ti | tu, tua, tus, tuas
| 3rd sing. masc. | lo | lè | lì | su, sua, su, suas
| 3rd sing. fem. | là | lè | lì | su, sua, su, suas
| 1st pl. | nos | nos | nos | nosic, noscia, noscis, noscias
| 2nd pl. | bos | bos | bos | bosic, boscia, boscis, boscias
| 3rd pl. masc. | lì | lì | lor | su, sua, sus, suas
| 3rd pl. fem. | lì | lì | lor | su, sua, sus, suas
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Verbs conjugated for tense and mood (three conjugations, auxiliary verbs generally not used)
Accents
Limciela uses two accents, namely the acute and the grave.
The acute accent is used to indicate the stress in a word when it does not fall on the penultimate syllable.
The grave accent has three functions:
1) to indicate that the accented vowel ì when combined with c or d is pronounced
2) on vowels preceeding the letter m to indicate that the m is to be pronounced /m/ rather than nasalising the vowel
3) to differentiate two words with the same spelling but with different meanings.
Sound Changes from Latin to Limciela Relevant to the Text
(Latin nouns are given in the accusative form, verbs are given in the infinitive)
| Latin |
Example |
Limciela |
Example |
| ab- | abstrusus | a- /a/ | asciuses /aschúses/ |
| ad | ad | a /a/ | a /a/ |
| ads- | adsultare | -ss- | assultár /asultár/ |
| -ae- | quaerere quaestionem | -e- /e/ | perér /perér/
pescies /pésches/ |
| -ant | infantem | -am /a~/ | infám |
| -are | cantare
lacerare
deiectare | -ár /ár/ | cantár /kantar/
lacierár /lacherár/
dexetár /deshetár/ |
| b- | bene | v /v/ | vem /ve~/ |
| -ce- | lacerare
facere | cie /che/ | lacierár /lacherár/
facier /fachér/ |
| ce- | certum | cie /che/ | ciert /chert/ |
| -di- | adiutare | -id- /z/ | aidutár /azutár/ |
| -de- | mandere
sedere | -id /z/ | manidér /manzér/
seidér /sezér/ |
| -ent- | silentes
eventum | -ém /-é~/ | silém /silé~/
ebém /ebé~/ |
| -ente | profonda-mente (adv.) | -em /e~/ | profondàmém
/profondamé~/ |
| -er | super | - | sup /sup/ | | -ere | mandere
facere
vere
sedere
quaerere | -ér /ér/ | manidér /manzér/
faciér /fachér/
bèr /ber/
seidér /sezér/
perér /perér/ |
| et | et | e /e/ | e /e/ |
| -gi- | virginem | x /sh/ | birsh /birsh/ |
| i- (j-) | iocare
iocum
deiectare | x- /sh/ | xocár /shokár)
xoc /shok/
dexetár /deshetár/ |
| -ire | venire
ire | -ír /ír/ | benír /benír/
ír /ir/ |
| -mus | poteramus | -ms /~s/ | pocieváms /pocheva~s/ |
| -omnis | omnis | -om /o~/ | om /o~/ |
| qu- | quid
quidam
quaerere
quaestionem | p- /p/ | pè /pe/
pida /pída/
perér /perér/
pescies /pésches/ |
| -qu- | aliqui | p | alip /álip/ |
| -st | post | -ic /ch/ | posic /posch/ |
| -st- | istud
postea | -ic /ch/ | ic /ich/ (adj.)
eic /ech/ (pron.)
posic /posch/ |
| -tia | remanentiam | -ic /ch/ | remanémic /remané~ch/ |
| -ter | noster | -ic /ch/ | nosic /nosch/ |
| -ter- | potere | -cie- /che/ | pociér /pochér/ |
| -tia | politia | ic /ch/ | policia /polícha/ |
| -tr- | fenestram
abstrusus | ci /ch/ | fenescia /fenezcha/
asciuses /aschúses/ |
| -um | cum | -om /o~/ | com /ko~/ |
| -um (with nouns etc.) | domum
certum | - | dom /do~/
ciert /chert/ |
| -us | parvus
tempus | - | parb /parb/
temp /te~p/ |
| v- | virginem
venire
vere
valde | b /b/ | birx /birsh/
benír /benír/
bèr /ber/
bal /bal/ |
| -v- | parvus | u /w/ | parb /parb/ |
| -v- (between vowels) | eventum
cavere | b /b/ | ebém /ebé~/
caber /kabér/ |
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